Focal urefu hwemagetsi system tsanangudzo uye nzira dzekuyedza

1.Focal urefu hwemagetsi system

Kureba kwehurefu chinhu chakakosha chiratidzo chehurongwa hwekusimbisa, nekuda kwepfungwa yehurefu hwekutarisa, isu zvakanyanya kana zvishoma zvine nzwisiso, tinoongorora pano.
Iyo yekureba kwehurongwa hwehurongwa hwekunze, hunotsanangurwa sechikepe kubva kune iyo Optical pakati peiyo nzvimbo yekutarisa apo zvakafanana nechiedza chiitiko, chiyero chekusangana kwechiedza chechiedza mune yechiedza system. Isu tinoshandisa iyo inotevera dhizaini yekuenzanisira iyi pfungwa.

Mune iyo nhamba iri pamusoro, iyo yakafanana Bhekitari kubva kumucheto kuruboshwe, mushure mekupaza mari yekuwedzera kwechiitiko chechiitiko chechiitiko chechiitiko chekero. Iyo Optical Axis paP2, iyo inonzi iyo huru point (kana iyo Optical Center Point), iyo pakati peiyo pfungwa huru uye iyo yatinowanzo bvumidza urefu, iro zita rizere iro rizere risati rasvika.
Izvo zvinogona zvakare kuoneka kubva kune iyo chinhambwe kubva kune yekupedzisira nzvimbo yeiyo Optical system kune iyo Focal Point F 'yemufananidzo inonzi iyo yekudzosera kumashure (BFL). Zvinoenderana, kana iyo yakafanana danda kubva kurudyi, pane zvakare pfungwa dzekushanda kwehurefu hwekuita uye kumberi kwehurefu (FFL).

2. Focal kureba nzira dzekuyedza

Mukudzidzira, kune nzira dzakawanda dzinogona kushandiswa kuyedza urefu hwemagetsi. Kubva pane dzakasiyana nheyo, nzira dzekupedzisira dzekuyedza dzinokamurwa kuita mapoka matatu. Chikamu chekutanga chakavakirwa pachinzvimbo chechiigwagwa yemifananidzo, chikamu chechipiri chinoshandisa hukama pakati pekuwedzera kukosha, uye chikamu chechitatu chinoshandisa iyo yekudzvanywa curvature yeiyo curvature yechiedza bheji kuti uwane kukosha kwekupedzisira.
Muchikamu chino, isu tichasuma nzira dzinowanzo shandiswa dzekuyedza kureba kwehurefu hwemasisitimu ::

2.1Collimator nzira

Iyo nheyo yekushandisa collimator kuti uedze kureba kwekureba kwesangano renyaya iri sezvakaratidzwa mudhara iri pazasi:

Muchifananidzo, iyo test pateni inoiswa pane iyo inotarisisa iyo collimator. Iyo kukwirira y yeiyo bvunzo nzira uye iyo yekureba kureba f_c'yeiyo collimator inozivikanwa. Mushure mekunge denderedzwa rakabikwa neCollimator neye akaedzwa Optical system uye akafungidzira pane yemifananidzo yehurongwa hunogona kuverengerwa kubva pakureba y 'yeiyo bvunzo nzira pane yemifananidzo yemifananidzo. Iyo yekureba kwehurefu hweyedzo yeye Optical system inogona kushandisa iyo inotevera formula:

2.2 GaussianMEthod
Iyo schematic nhamba yeiyo Gaussian nzira yekuedza iyo Focal urefu hwenzvimbo yeiyo yezvinhu inoratidzwa sepazasi:

Muchikamu, kumberi uye kumashure kwakakura ndekwepurongwa rehurongwa hwekuedzwa kunomiririrwa seP uye PE 'zvichiteerana, uye kureba pakati pezvikuru miviri ndege d_P. Nenzira iyi, kukosha kwe d_Pinoonekwa seinozivikanwa, kana kukosha kwayo idiki uye inogona kufuratirwa. An object and a receiving screen are placed at the left and right ends, and the distance between them is recorded as L, where L needs to be greater than 4 times the focal length of the system under test. Iyo system iri pasi pekuedzwa inogona kuiswa munzvimbo mbiri, inomiririrwa sechinzvimbo 1 uye chinzvimbo 2 zvichiteerana. Chinhu kuruboshwe chinogona kuongororwa zvakajeka pane kugashira skrini. Iyo chinhambwe pakati peiyi nzvimbo mbiri (inorevedzwa seD) inogona kuyerwa. Zvinoenderana nehukama hwekubatanidza, tinogona kuwana:

Pane izvi zvigaro zviviri, izvo zvinangwa zvinonyorwa seS1 uye S2 uye S2 - S2 - S2 - D. Kuburikidza nekureba kweStimation yeiyo Optical system sepazasi:

2.3Lensometer
Iyo lensometer yakakodzera kwazvo kuyedza kwenguva yakareba focal kureba system. Mufananidzo wayo wechiSchematic uri seinotevera:

Kutanga, lens iri pasi peyedzo haina kuiswa munzira yepfungwa. Iyo chinangwa chinoonekwa kuruboshwe chinopfuura nepakati pekuvhiringidza lens uye inova yakaenzana chiedza. Iyo yakaenzana mwenje inoshandurwa neinosimbisa lens ine kureba kwekureba kwe f₂uye inoumba mufananidzo wakajeka paRevhizheni yekuzivisa iyi ndege. Pashure pokunge nzira yechokwadi iri yakagadziriswa, lens pasi peyedzo inoiswa munzira yepfungwa, uye chinhambwe pakati peiyo lens iri pasi peyedzo uye iyo inosimbisa lens ndeye f₂. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nekuda kwekuita kweiyo lens iri pasi peyedzo, iyo mwenje wechiedza ichave ichichinjika pachinzvimbo cheiyo ndege yemifananidzo, zvichikonzera mufananidzo wakajeka panzvimbo yeiyo nyowani yemifananidzo iri mudhirowa. Iyo chinhambwe pakati peiyo nyowani yemifananidzo ndege uye iyo inoshandura lens inorevedzwa se x. Zvichienderana nechinhu-chifananidzo hukama, urefu hwemagetsi hwemaedzo iri pasi pekuedzwa inogona kutapurwa se:

Mukudzidzira, lensometer yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muyero yepamusoro yechiyero chechiratidzo chekureva, uye zvine zvakanakira kushanda kwakareruka uye zvakavimbika.

2.4 AbbeRabrahometer

Iyo Abbe Refractometer ndeimwe nzira yekuedza iyo focal urefu hwemagetsi system. Mufananidzo wayo wechiSchematic uri seinotevera:

Isa vatongi vaviri vane zvakakwirira zvakasiyana pachinhu chakasiyana pane chinhu chesvomhu parutivi rwemizasi, Iyo chinhambwe pakati pezvikamu zviviri ndeyekuti e, uye kona pakati pemutsara wepamusoro wemutongi uye iyo Optical axis iwe. Iyo chiyero chakaongororwa neye akaedzwa lens ine ful yekureba kwe f. Microscope yakaiswa paMufananidzo pamusoro pekupedzisira. Nekufambisa chinzvimbo cheMicroscope, iyo mifananidzo yepamusoro yezviyero zviviri zvinowanikwa. Panguva ino, chinhambwe pakati peMicroscope uye iyo Optical axis inomiririrwa se y. Sekureva kwechinhu-chifananidzo hukama, tinogona kuwana kureba kwehurefu se:

2.5 moire defllemometryNzira
Iyo Moiré defllemometry nzira ichashandisa maviri seti yeRonchi inotonga mumatanda akaenzana echiedza. Ronchi Kutonga idiki-yakaita simbi chrromium chrromium yakaiswa pagirazi substrate, inowanzoshandiswa pakuedza kuita kwesangano remagetsi. Nzira iyo nzira inoshandisa shanduko muma moiré maringe anoumbwa nema gratidzo mbiri kuti uedze kureba kwehurongwa hwemagetsi. Iyo schematic dhizaini yeiyo nheyo iri seinotevera:

Muchifananidzo chiri pamusoro, chinhu chinoonekwa, mushure mekupfuura nepfumo, chinova chigamba chakafanana. Mune nzira yeye Ompical, pasina kuwedzera iyo yakaedzwa lens kutanga, iyo Parallel Beam inopfuura nepakati pegirini nekona yekudzikisira ye θ uye kuumba seti yemoiré mipendero yemifananidzo. Zvadaro, iyo yakaedzwa lens inoiswa munzira yepfungwa. Chiedza chekutanga chakaburitswa, mushure mekuramba nemwenje, zvichaburitsa imwe yakaenzana. Iyo curvature radius yeiyo mwenje bheji inogona kuwanikwa kubva kune inotevera formula:

Kazhinji lens iri pasi pekuedzwa inoiswa padyo padyo neyekutanga grating, saka r kukosha mune iri pamusoro mafomati inoenderana nehurefu hwekureba kwemazini. Kubatsira kwenzira iyi ndekwekuti kunogona kuyedza urefu hwekureba kweiyo yakanaka uye isina kunaka focal kureba system.

2.6 OpticalFiberAUtocollimationMEthod
Nheyo yekushandisa iyo Optical Fiber AutoCollimation nzira yekuedza iyo denderedzwa urefu hwemagetsi inoratidzwa mumufananidzo pazasi. Inoshandisa Fiber Optics kuti ibvise dhizaini danda rinopfuura nepamhepo nekuedzwa uyezve pagirazi remhepo. Nzira nhatu dzepfungwa dzemifananidzo mumufananidzo unomiririra mamiriro ezvipenga mukati mekutarisa, mukati mekutarisa, uye kunze kwekutarisa zvichiteerana. Nekufambisa chinzvimbo cheiyo lens iri pasi pekuyedza uye kunze, iwe unogona kuwana chinzvimbo chemusoro weiyo fiber pane iyo yekutarisa. Panguva ino, danda rinozvidzivirira, uye mushure mekuratidzwa negirazi remhepo, rakawanda resimba rinodzokera kuchinzvimbo chemusoro weiyo fiber. Nzira yacho iri nyore musimboti uye iri nyore kuita.

3.concliussion

Focal urefu i paramende yakakosha yeiyo Optical system. Munyaya ino, isu tinonyatsotarisisa pfungwa yeye Optical system yekufungidzira uye nzira dzayo dzekuyedza. Yakasanganiswa neiyo schematic dhizaini, isu tinotsanangura kududzirwa kwehurefu hwemahara, kusanganisira pfungwa dzechifananidzo-parutivi famba kureba, chinhu-chikamu chekureba kwekureba, uye kumberi-kune-kumashure kwekureba kwekureba. Mukudzidzira, kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuyedza kureba kwekureba kwehurongwa hwemagetsi. Chinyorwa ichi chinosimbisa nheyo dzekuyedza, nzira yeGaussian, facal urefu kuyedzwa nzira, Abbe Focal Screature nzira, iyo Moiré defrection nzira, uye Optical fiber autocollimation nzira. Ndinotenda kuti nekuverenga chinyorwa ichi, iwe unenge uine nzwisiso iri nani yeiyo focal kureba paramita mune system system.