1.Focal Length yeOptical Systems
Kureba kwakaringana chiratidzo chakakosha che optical system, kune iyo pfungwa yekutarisa kureba, isu zvakanyanya kana kushoma tine kunzwisisa, tinoongorora pano.
Hurefu hwakatarisana neoptical system, hunotsanangurwa sechinhambwe kubva pakati penzvimbo yeoptical system kusvika pakatariswa danda kana chiitiko chechiedza chakafanana, chiyero chekuisa kana kupatsanurwa kwechiedza muoptical system. Isu tinoshandisa dhayagiramu inotevera kuratidza pfungwa iyi.
Mumufananidzo uri pamusoro, chiitiko chedanda chakafanana kubva kumugumo wekuruboshwe, mushure mekupfuura nepakati peiyo optical system, inochinjika kune iyo yemufananidzo inotarisisa F', reverse rekuwedzera mutsara weiyo inoshandura ray inopindirana neinoenderana yekuwedzera mutsara wechiitiko chakafanana ray pa poindi, uye nzvimbo inodarika iyi poindi uye iri perpendicular kune optical axis inonzi ndege huru yekumashure, ndege huru yekumashure inopindirana neiyo optical axis papoint P2, iyo inonzi main point (kana iyo optical center point) chinhambwe chiri pakati peiyo pfungwa huru nekutarisa kwechifananidzo, ndiyo yatinowanzo kudaidza kuti yakatarisa kureba, zita rakazara ndiro rinoshanda refocal urefu hwemufananidzo.
Zvinogona kuonekwawo kubva pamufananidzo kuti chinhambwe kubva panzvimbo yekupedzisira yeoptical system kusvika pafocal point F' yemufananidzo inonzi back focal length (BFL). Zvichienderana, kana danda rakafanana riri chiitiko kubva kudivi rekurudyi, kune zvakare pfungwa dzeunoshanda hwekutarisa kureba uye kumberi kwakatarisa kureba (FFL).
2. Focal Length Testing Nzira
Mukuita, kune nzira dzakawanda dzinogona kushandiswa kuyedza kureba kweiyo optical system. Zvichienderana nemisimboti yakasiyana, iyo yakatarisana nehurefu hwekuyedza nzira dzinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu. Chikamu chekutanga chakavakirwa pachinzvimbo chemufananidzo wendege, chikamu chechipiri chinoshandisa hukama pakati pekukurisa uye kureba kwakatarisa kuwana kukosha kwehurefu, uye chikamu chechitatu chinoshandisa wavefront curvature yechiedza chinochinjika kuwana kukosha kwehurefu. .
Muchikamu chino, isu tichasuma nzira dzinowanzo shandiswa dzekuyedza iyo yakatarisana nehurefu hwe optical masisitimu::
2.1Collimator nzira
Nheyo yekushandisa collimator kuyedza kureba kweiyo optical system inoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi:
Mumufananidzo, chiyero chekuedza chinoiswa pachinangwa che collimator. Hurefu y hwepatani yebvunzo uye kureba kwefocal fc' ye collimator inozivikanwa. Mushure mokunge danda rakafanana rinobudiswa ne collimator rinoshandurwa neyakaedzwa optical system uye yakafananidzirwa pamufananidzo wendege, kureba kweiyo optical system inogona kuverengerwa zvichienderana nehupamhi y' hweyedzo patani pandege yemufananidzo. Iyo yakatarisana nehurefu hweyakaedzwa optical system inogona kushandisa inotevera fomula:
2.2 GaussianMethod
Iyo schematic nhamba yeGaussian nzira yekuyedza iyo yakatarisa kureba kweiyo optical system inoratidzwa sepazasi:
Mumufananidzo, ndege dzepamberi neshure dzeiyo optical system iri pasi pekuyedzwa inomiririrwa seP uye P' zvichiteerana, uye chinhambwe chiri pakati pendege mbiri idzi d.P. Munzira iyi, kukosha kwe dPrinorangarirwa kuva rinozivikanwa, kana kuti ukoshi hwaro huduku uye hunogona kufuratirwa. Chinhu uye chidzitiro chekugamuchira zvakaiswa kuruboshwe nekurudyi kumagumo, uye chinhambwe chiri pakati pazvo chinorekodhwa seL, apo L inoda kuve yakakura kupfuura kana kane kureba kweiyo system inoedzwa. Iyo sisitimu iri pasi pekuyedzwa inogona kuiswa munzvimbo mbiri, inoratidzwa sechinzvimbo 1 uye chinzvimbo 2 zvakateerana. Chinhu chiri kuruboshwe chinogona kufananidzirwa zvakajeka pahwindo rekugamuchira. Nhambwe iri pakati penzvimbo mbiri idzi (inoratidzirwa saD) inogona kuyerwa. Zvinoenderana nehukama hwe conjugate, tinogona kuwana:
Pazvinzvimbo zviviri izvi, chinhu chinhambwe chinorekodhwa se s1 uye s2 zvakateerana, zvino s2 - s1 = D. Kuburikidza nekutorwa kweformula, tinogona kuwana kureba kweiyo optical system sepazasi:
2.3Lensometer
Iyo Lensometer yakakodzera kwazvo kuyedza kureba yakatarisa kureba optical masisitimu. Chimiro chayo chechirongwa ndeichi:
Kutanga, iyo lenzi iri pasi pekuyedzwa haina kuiswa munzira yekuona. Iyo inocherechedzwa yakananga kuruboshwe inopfuura nepalenzi inopindirana uye inova mwenje wakafanana. Chiedza chinofambirana chinotenderedzwa nelenzi inotenderera ine kureba kwe f2uye inoumba mufananidzo wakajeka pane yereferensi mufananidzo ndege. Mushure mekunge nzira yekuona yagadziriswa, iyo lenzi iri pasi pekuyedzwa inoiswa munzira yekuona, uye chinhambwe chiri pakati pelenzi iri pasi pekuyedzwa uye inoshandura lens iri f.2. Somugumisiro, nekuda kwechiito che lens pasi pekuedzwa, chiedza chechiedza chichagadziriswa, zvichiita kuti kuchinja kwechinzvimbo chemufananidzo wendege, zvichiita kuti pave nemufananidzo wakajeka panzvimbo yemufananidzo mutsva mumufananidzo. Chinhambwe chiri pakati pechifananidzo chitsva endege uye inoshandura lens inoratidzwa se x. Zvichienderana nehukama hwechinhu-chifananidzo, kureba kwelenzi iri pasi pekuyedzwa kunogona kunzi:
Mukuita, iyo lensometer yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muyero yepamusoro yekuyera yekuona lenzi, uye ine mabhenefiti ekushanda kuri nyore uye kwakavimbika kurongeka.
2.4 AbbeRefractometer
Iyo Abbe refractometer ndiyo imwe nzira yekuyedza iyo yakatarisana nehurefu hwe optical system. Chimiro chayo chechirongwa ndeichi:
Isa vatongi vaviri vane hurefu hwakasiyana pane chinhu chepamusoro chelenzi chiri pasi pekuedzwa, zvinoti scaleplate 1 uye scaleplate 2. Hurefu hwescaleplates hunofanana y1 uye y2. Nhambwe iri pakati pemascaplates maviri ndie, uye kona iri pakati pemutsetse wepamusoro wemutongi neakisi yemaziso ndiu. Iyo scaleplated inofananidzirwa nelenzi yakaedzwa ine focal kureba kwef. Maikorosikopu inoiswa kumagumo emufananidzo. Nokufambisa nzvimbo ye microscope, mifananidzo yepamusoro yescaleplates miviri inowanikwa. Panguva ino, chinhambwe chiri pakati pemaikorosikopu neakisi yemaziso chinoratidzwa se y. Zvinoenderana nechinhu-chifananidzo hukama, tinogona kuwana iyo yekutarisa kureba se:
2.5 Moire DeflectometryNzira
Iyo Moiré deflectometry nzira ichashandisa maviri seti emitemo yeRonchi mumarambi emwenje anofanana. Ronchi kutonga ndeye grid-senge pateni yesimbi chromium firimu yakaiswa pane girazi substrate, inowanzoshandiswa kuyedza mashandiro emaoptical system. Iyo nzira inoshandisa shanduko yeMoiré fringes inoumbwa neaviri magirati kuyedza kureba kweiyo optical system. The schematic diagiramu yemusimboti ndeiyi inotevera:
Mumufananidzo uri pamusoro, chinhu chakacherechedzwa, mushure mekupfuura nepakati pe collimator, chinova danda rakafanana. Munzira yekuona, pasina kuwedzera lens yakaedzwa kutanga, danda rakafanana rinopfuura nepakati pemagiroti maviri ane dhizaini angle ye θ uye grating spacing ye d, ichigadzira seti yeMoiré fringe pandege yemufananidzo. Zvadaro, lens yakaedzwa inoiswa munzira ye optical. Iyo yepakutanga collimated mwenje, mushure mekudzokororwa nelenzi, inoburitsa imwe focal kureba. Iyo curvature radius yemwenje mwenje inogona kuwanikwa kubva kune inotevera formula:
Kazhinji lenzi iri pasi pekuyedzwa inoiswa padhuze negireti yekutanga, saka kukosha kweR mune iri pamusoro fomura inowirirana nehurefu hwakatarisana hwelenzi. Chakanakira nzira iyi ndechekuti inogona kuyedza iyo yakatarisa kureba kweyakanaka uye yakaipa focal kureba masisitimu.
2.6 OpticalFiberAutocollimationMethod
Nheyo yekushandisa iyo optical fiber autocollimation nzira yekuyedza iyo yakatarisa kureba kwelenzi inoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Inoshandisa fiber optics kuburitsa danda rakatsauka rinopfuura nemu lenzi riri kuedzwa uye ipapo pagirazi rendege. Nzira nhatu dzemaziso mumufananidzo dzinomiririra mamiriro e-optical fiber mukati mekutarisa, mukati mekutarisa, uye kunze kwekutarisa zvakateerana. Nekufambisa chinzvimbo chelenzi pasi pekuyedzwa kumashure nekudzoka, unogona kuwana nzvimbo yefiber head pakutarisa. Panguva ino, danda rinozvibatanidza, uye mushure mekufungisisa negirazi rendege, simba rakawanda richadzokera panzvimbo yefiber head. Iyo nzira iri nyore mumusimboti uye iri nyore kuita.
3. Mhedziso
Kureba kwekutarisa chinhu chakakosha parameter ye optical system. Muchikamu chino, isu tinodonongodza iyo pfungwa ye optical system focal kureba uye nzira dzekuyedza. Tichisanganiswa nedhiyagiramu yechirongwa, tinotsanangura tsananguro yehurefu hwakatarisana, kusanganisira pfungwa dzeurefu hwemufananidzo-parutivi, kureba kwechinhu-parutivi, uye kureba kumberi kuenda kumashure. Mukuita, kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuyedza kureba kweiyo optical system. Ichi chinyorwa chinosuma misimboti yekuyedza nzira yecollimator, nzira yeGaussian, yakatarisana nehurefu hwekuyera nzira, Abbe yakatarisana nehurefu hwekuyera nzira, Moiré deflection nzira, uye optical fiber autocollimation nzira. Ini ndinotenda kuti nekuverenga chinyorwa ichi, iwe uchave nekunzwisisa kuri nani kweiyo yakatarisana kureba paramita mune optical masisitimu.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-09-2024
