Nhanho yekutanga mune chero nzira yekugadzira optical ndiyo kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvakakodzera optical. Optical parameters (refractive index, Abbe number, transmittance, reflectivity), zvinhu zvemuviri (kuoma, deformation, bubble content, Poisson's ratio), uye kunyange tembiricha hunhu (thermal kuwedzera coefficient, hukama pakati refractive index uye tembiricha) ye optical materials iyo optical properties ye optical materials. Kuita kwe optical components uye masisitimu. Ichi chinyorwa chichasuma muchidimbu zvakajairika optical zvinhu uye zvimiro zvavo.
Optical zvinhu zvinonyanya kukamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: Optical girazi, optical crystal uye Special optical zvinhu.
01 Optical Girazi
Girazi remaziso is amorphous (girazi) optical medium material inogona kufambisa chiedza. Chiedza chinopfuura nepairi chinogona kushandura nzira yekuparadzira, chikamu uye kusimba. Inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zvemaziso zvakadai semaprisms, lenzi, magirazi, mahwindo uye mafirita mune zviridzwa zvemaziso kana masisitimu. Girasi yeOptical ine kujeka kwepamusoro, kugadzikana kwemakemikari uye kufanana kwemuviri muchimiro uye kuita. Ine chaiyo uye yakarurama optical constants. Mune yakadzika-tembiricha yakasimba mamiriro, optical girazi rinochengeta amorphous chimiro chepamusoro-tembiricha yemvura. Nenzira yakanaka, iyo yemukati yemuviri uye yemakemikari zvinhu zvegirazi, senge refractive index, thermal yekuwedzera coefficient, kuoma, thermal conductivity, magetsi conductivity, elastic modulus, nezvimwewo, zvakafanana mumativi ese, ayo anonzi isotropy.
Vagadziri vakuru vegirazi remaziso vanosanganisira Schott yekuGermany, Corning yeUnited States, Ohara yekuJapan, uye yepamba Chengdu Guangming Glass (CDGM), nezvimwe.
Refractive index uye dispersion diagram
optical girazi refractive index curves
Transmittance curves
02. Optical crystal
Optical crystal inoreva zvinhu zvekristaro zvinoshandiswa mune optical media. Nekuda kwehunhu hwemakristasi emaziso, inogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya kugadzira mahwindo akasiyana-siyana, lenzi, uye maprisms eultraviolet uye infrared application. Zvinoenderana nekristaro chimiro, inogona kukamurwa kuita imwechete crystal uye polycrystalline. Single crystal zvinhu zvine yakakwira crystal kutendeseka uye mwenje transmittance, pamwe nekushomeka kwekuisa kurasikirwa, saka makristasi ega anonyanya kushandiswa mumakristasi emaziso.
Kunyanya: Yakajairika UV uye infrared crystal zvinhu zvinosanganisira: quartz (SiO2), calcium fluoride (CaF2), lithium fluoride (LiF), rock salt (NaCl), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), nezvimwe.
Polarizing crystals: Inowanzo shandiswa polarizing crystals inosanganisira calcite (CaCO3), quartz (SiO2), sodium nitrate (nitrate), nezvimwewo.
Achromatic crystal: Iwo akasarudzika maitiro ekristaro anoshandiswa kugadzira achromatic chinangwa lenzi. Semuenzaniso, calcium fluoride (CaF2) inosanganiswa negirazi kugadzira achromatic system, iyo inogona kubvisa spherical aberration uye yechipiri spectrum.
Laser crystal: inoshandiswa semidziyo yekushandira yakasimba-nyika lasers, senge ruby, calcium fluoride, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet crystal, nezvimwe.
Crystal zvinhu zvakakamurwa kuita zvechisikigo uye zvekugadzira zvakakura. Makristasi echisikigo haashoma, anonetsa kukura zvekugadzira, ane mashoma muhukuru, uye anodhura. Kazhinji inotariswa kana girazi zvinhu zvisina kukwana, inogona kushanda mune isingaonekwe mwenje bhendi uye inoshandiswa mune semiconductor uye laser maindasitiri.
03 Special optical materials
a. Girazi-ceramic
Girazi-ceramic chinhu chakakosha chemaziso chisiri girazi kana kristaro, asi pane imwe nzvimbo pakati. Musiyano mukuru pakati pegirazi-ceramic uye yakajairwa optical girazi kuvepo kwekristaro chimiro. Iine chimiro chekristaro chakanakisa kupfuura ceramic. Iyo ine hunhu hwekudzika kwemafuta ekuwedzera coefficient, kusimba kwepamusoro, kuomarara kwepamusoro, kuderera kwehunyoro, uye kugadzikana kwakanyanya. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirisa makristasi akafuratirwa, akajairwa mita tsvimbo, magirazi mahombe, laser gyroscopes, nezvimwe.
Iyo yekupisa yekuwedzera coefficient ye microcrystalline Optical materials inogona kusvika 0.0±0.2×10-7/℃ (0~50℃)
b. Silicon Carbide
Silicon carbide yakasarudzika ceramic zvinhu iyo inoshandiswawo sechinhu chinopenya. Silicon carbide ine kuoma kwakanaka, yakaderera thermal deformation coefficient, yakanyanya kugadzikana yekupisa, uye yakakosha kudzikisa huremu. Inoonekwa sechinhu chikuru chezvionioni zvakakura-saizi uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muaerospace, yakakwirira-simba lasers, semiconductors uye mamwe minda.
Aya mapoka ezvigadzirwa zvemaziso anogonawo kunzi optical media materials. Pamusoro pezvikamu zvikuru zve optical media materials, optical fiber materials, optical film materials, liquid crystal materials, luminescent materials, etc. zvese ndezvezvinhu zvinoonekera. Iko kuvandudza tekinoroji yeOptical haina kupatsanurwa kubva kune optical material tekinoroji. Tinotarisira kufambira mberi kwenyika yangu optical material tekinoroji.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-05-2024
